Essay about The Importance of the Land in Twentieth...

The Importance of the Land in Twentieth Century Irish Poetry Land in the Twentieth Century was very important to the Irish nation, and this is portrayed through the works of certain pieces of poetry, written by native countrymen Thomas Kinsella and Seamus Heaney. The poem Wormwood is expressed by Thomas Kinsella in a powerful and descriptive manner where the reader can experience the deepest thoughts of the writer, in his or her own way. The reader feels a sense of involvement as Kinsella sets the scene in the dank woods: In a thicket, among wet trees, stunned, minutely Shuddering, hearing a wooden echo escape. Kinsella informs us of a tree, which he is in fact bewildered by. How he†¦show more content†¦For instance, he may have been referring to the joining of Northern Ireland and the Southern part of the country, a very popular talking point at this period in time. Although the two parts are joined together, they attitudes are very dissimilar. As the IRA intervene, and cause even more controversy the countrys become even more separated, (the trees being separated by the axe). Between my finger and thumb The squat pen rests; snug as a gun. This quotation refers to Seamus Heaneys poem, Digging. It immediately refers to Heaneys poetical setup, but when it refers to being snug as a gun. Maybe he is letting us in to the secrets of his country and how crime and violence around the time of his work was a focal point among the citizens of Ireland. The descriptive nature of his poem brings the reader close to the poem in a sense of involvement. This is similar to Kinsellas poem which was referred to earlier. He is very proud of his family and his familys predecessors. For example he tells us of his famous Grandfather, who would work solidly and was better than any other man at his job: My Grandfather cut more turf in a day Than any other man on Toners bog. This also leads on to the point that Ireland was such a poor nation at this time, it had to work very hard to achieve what it desired. The land was a focal point for the country of Ireland and to become aShow MoreRelatedChanging Characteristics of Poetry from Modern to Romantics3272 Words   |  14 Pages Topic: Changing characteristics of poetry from Romantics to Modern Abstract: The characteristics of poetry changed with the changing of eras and literary periods. Romantics have their own features and writing style. Nature and beauty play very important role in Romantic poetry. Victorian poetry is different from Romantics because its themes are about Victorian age, which is influenced by democracy, evolutionaryRead MoreEssay British Poetry4052 Words   |  17 PagesKnowledge of contemporary British poetry is of great importance when it comes to understanding the reigning trends of England. The 1970s saw a fair amount of polemic concerning the discontinuities of the national traditions, most of it concerned with poetry, all of it vulnerable to a blunt totalizing which demonstrated the triumphant ability of nation to organize literary study and judgment--as it does still, perhaps more than ever. It remains the case twenty years later that there is a strongRead MoreAmerican Lit2895 Words   |  12 Pageslanguage. It has been expressed for centuries and throughout different countries and cultures. Literature is a work of art, which has been spoken in different structures and also for many diverse reasons. I believe that literature is another way to view our historical past as well. Throughout history, society has been grateful exposed to different styles of literature; non-fiction, fiction, poems, plays, etc. Literature has a variety of styles; American literature, Irish literature, African American literatureRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 PagesDespite†©being†©one†©of†©the†©most†©prominent†©American†©poets†©of†©his†©time,†©Walt†©Whitman†© and†© his†© idea†© of†© a†© perfect†© society,†© based†© on†© Democracy,à ¢â‚¬ © justice†© and†© love†© seems†© to†© have†© been†© if†© not†© forgotten,†© at†© least†© generally†© ignored.†© Not†© only†© did†© he†© create†© a†© new†© kind†© of†© poetry†©known†©as†©Ã‚ «free†©verse »,†©but†©he†©also†©invented†©a†©new†©way†©of†©seeing†©the†©world†©and†© dealing†©with†©numerous†©issues†©our†©societies†©were†©and†©still†©are†©confronted†©to.†© There†© is†© no†© doubt†© as†© to†© his†© being†© idealistic†© and†© sometimes†© even†© fanciful†© with†©Read MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages2011 Page 1 and used the statement of purpose for borderline decisions. However, of liberal arts faculty who responded, approximately half valued the essays as much as other parts of the application package. ï‚ · Determine the importance of the mentor system. The importance of the statement of purpose increases, as Robert M. Brown notes, at institutions with strong mentoring programs ―because it is the only place where an applicant can elaborate a research interest to the extent that faculty membersRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and CultureRead MorePostmodernism in Literature5514 Words   |  23 Pagesquestionable narrators, etc.) and a reaction against Enlightenment ideas implicit in Modernist literature. Postmodern literature, like postmodernism as a whole, is difficult to define and there is little agreement on the exact characteristics, scope, and importance of postmodern literature. However, unifying features often coincide with Jean-Franà §ois Lyotards concept of the meta-narrative and little narrative, Jacques Derridas concept of play, and Jean Baudrillards simulacra. For example, insteadRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pagespeople† lack wisdom because they â€Å"are particularly susceptible to four fallacies,† which he labels the egocentrism, omniscience, omnipotence, and invulnerability fallacies. All four are tied up with too big an ego and with overestimating their own importance and powers.4 These fallacies also skew our sense of reality. Achieving a realistic perspective on life means seeing life as it is, with all its disappointments, frustrations, and irrationalities, but also with all its wonders and mysteries. InRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesGovernance a. World Governance 15. Others a. Cooperation b. Education c. Crime d. Liberty or Security e. Consumerism 1. Media 1a. New vs. Traditional GENERAL Intro: †¢ The first quarter of 2043 will be when the last newspapers land on front process all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing Newspaper’ †¦ †¢ Advent of tech has brought a radical change in the media industry †¢ No longer confined to reading news, watching television †¢ Click ofRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesmaintain its market dominance until it is challenged not by economies of scale but by being shoved aside by the next temporarily dominant product. This is changing the whole concept of manufacturing and factories in some industries. RECOGNIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTIVITY Underlying many of these conditions is the Internet (now almost universally understood as multipurpose technology), which has the potential to help define business effectiveness both in the creation of new products

Pakistan Role in War on Terror - 4382 Words

Background The events of September 11 impacted international polices and the regional situation within Pakistan necessitated change to its internal policies. Pakistan found that it had no risk-free options: all polices were full of danger and risk of varying degrees. The test was to adopt such a policy and course of action that could minimize the risk and offered the best possible option in the given circumstances. Geo-strategic location of Pakistan and links with Taliban administration absolved Pakistan to remain unaffected immediately after the attack. Moreover Pakistan was among the three countries, which recognized the Taliban government. Any effort of US and World coalition against Taliban could not have been succeeded without active†¦show more content†¦More than 500 US soldiers have lost their lives in Afghanistan, and on the other hand US has also spent billions of dollars in Afghan War. But still they are unable to achieve any considerable success in Afghanistan. Use of force in Afghanistan and in Pakistani Tribal Areas has caused thousands of civilian casualties. Situation in most parts of Afghanistan is out of the US control. New Obama Administration should work with Pakistan government for the peaceful settlement of these issues, dialogue and reconciliation efforts can only bring peace and stability in the region. In coming paragraphs Pakistan’s role in War on Terror will be discussed briefly. Targeting and Capturing Al-Qaeda Insurgents Pakistan has played a crucial role in the War against Terrorism. It has been a key ally in this war. It is a hard fact that US cannot win this war without the support of Pakistan. Pakistan’s geographical proximity with Afghanistan made it more important for the United States. Pakistan shares long border with Afghanistan which is mostly consists of rugged mountainous terrain, and it is difficult for surveillance. After the US attack, flux compelled people from Afghanistan to get refuge in Pakistan; they have centuries old linkages Pakistani tribal areas and moved freely. In this backdrop Taliban and some Al-Qaeda remnants also found refugeShow MoreRelatedImpact of Terrorism in Pakistan1628 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Terrorism in Pakistan In lieu of unlawful violence to inculcate fear and increase coercion, terrorism has become a trending topic in the world today. Pakistan, a country in South Asia bordered by Afghanistan and India has been a country worthy of speculation due to the rate of terrorism and tribal wars that have quickly taken over the country. The sporadic effects of these attacks have begun to shatter what used to be one of Asia’s fastest growing economies. Impact on GDP Pakistan’sRead MoreFailure Of Pakistan As An Effective Ally Of North Atlantic Treaty Organization1412 Words   |  6 Pagesthe failure of Pakistan as an effective ally of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the fight against the Taliban/ Al Qaeda. This essay is broken into three parts in order to better understand the fight against the Taliban/ Al Qaeda. In the first part, we look at the formation of the Taliban/ Al Qaeda in the region followed by its relationship with Pakistan and finally the post 9/11 situations in the region. It also looks to study the Pakistan – United States and Pakistan – India relationshipRead MoreEssay on Zero Dark Thirty is a Movie Loosely Based on Osama Bin Laden749 Words   |  3 PagesFBI, and Pakistan ISI, to track down and kill Osama Bin Laden. The story centers on certain CIA agents and the methods used to extract information from alleged terrorists so Bin Laden’s location could be determined. Set in the threateni ng regions of the Middle East, CIA operative Maya, whose only job at the CIA has been to find where Bin Laden is hiding, and Dan, who teaches Maya how the CIA operates in Pakistan, are assigned to work together in Pakistan’s U.S. Embassy. While in Pakistan, they interrogateRead MoreNobody Understands Terrorism Better Than The Citizens Of Pakistan Do1586 Words   |  7 PagesNobody understands terrorism better than the citizens of Pakistan do. It’s been plaguing us since the soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, and Pakistan’s significant role in it, and more so, after the 9/11 fiasco that we won’t ever live down, it would seem. While terrorism happens to be a global issue, Pakistan has had to bear the brunt of it a lot of the times. A quick research on this topic will invariably bring about the same results, papers, thoughts, etc. those being; the last decade or twoRead MoreAl Qaed A Lesson Of Irony1612 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center, counterterrorism was a theoretical measure at most (Cronin). After America threw its weight behind the ‘war against terror,’ however, the coordinated international campaign quickly overwhelmed multiple militant extremist groups. The main target of the ‘war against terror’ was al-Qaeda, an organization that subscribed to the ideas of Islamic thinker Sayyid Qutb and claimed responsibility for the 9/11 attacks in 2004. The attacks were aRead MoreThe Fourth Millennium Development Goal 1230 Words   |  5 Pagesto achieving MDG 4. Unfortunately Pakistan is not one of those countries, and its progress ha s been incredibly slow. †¢ Progress on MDG 4 is measured against six key indicators, but despite some gains, the country is off track for 5 out of the 6 indicators. †¢ 1) The under-five mortality rate which has seen a moderate decline from 117 per thousand live births in 1990 to 89 per thousand live births in 2013. However the target for this indicator is 52, and Pakistan is well off track from achieving.Read MoreUprooting terrorism in Pakistan Essay563 Words   |  3 Pages Policymaking Decision-making process in antiterrorism has gone through a long way in Pakistan. From being merely a national initiative to one that weakens bilateral and international responsibilities of a state. The definition of terrorist acts has also broadened over the years and so has the legal implements to prosecute such acts. Legally the state is well equipped to deal with the terrorism, but due to incompetency in infrastructure, resources and friction between stakeholders, it has been unsuccessfulRead MoreAfghanistan Is Like A Goat On Which The Lion And The Bear Have Both Fixed Their Eyes?1466 Words   |  6 PagesAfghanistan , a buffer state between two super powers in the first half of 20th century, was pulled into war during the latter half, first against the USSR and then against the local rival groups or militias. The 21st century yet again brought this country into another conflict. This time it was the West led by the Americans and their puppet Pakistan, the former allies in drivi ng out Russia from Afghanistan. The traditional buffer state of Afghanistan, due to its location at the cross roads of AsiaRead MoreRelevance Of Sovereignty And The Threat Of Terrorism Essay1482 Words   |  6 Pageslegal and political supremacy –or ultimate authority–within their territorial boundaries (F.L.S. 47), but as the world continues to grow and complex, the relevance of Westphalian sovereignty is repeatedly questioned. Many factors now play into the role of sovereignty, complicating the once simplistic view. These factors include the expanding necessity of humanitarian intervention along with eliminating the threat of terrorism. Sovereignty, as defined in the Westphalian sense, is only useful todayRead MoreComparison Between Al Qaeda And Isis Terrorist Groups857 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for the April 2007 Ashoura massacre and also contributed to the September 11th attack on American soil. Al-Qaeda has very many training grounds spread across the globe with the largest one been the Khalden training camp located in Shorabak in Pakistan that was apparently destroyed by the American military. The core lesson taught at the training camps is the interpretation of the Muslim Sharia law. The Al-Qaeda group has one mission, vision, and objective, to form global jihad to unite all Muslims

ACAS Alternative Dispute Resolution

Question: Evaluate the purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution with particular reference to the services provided by Acas, assess to what extent it is a successful means of resolving disputes outside the formal judicial process? Answer: Alternative Dispute Resolution: Introduction: In recent time it is noticed that the burden upon the court of law is too much as to the cases are concern. Number of litigants is increasing along with the number of cases. From small to smaller cases are also approached to the courts of competent jurisdiction, but the number of courts and adjudicators has not been increased as to the incensement of the cases (Ali, 2013). By virtue of that the load on courts regarding the cases are very much influencing for any alternative way in relation to resolving the disputes among the concern parties who are seeking justice from the judicial system. The cost in judicial matters are also very high in comparison, as all the justice seekers may not be as such financial sound but they are entitle to get the justice, in spite of that they have to incurred a good amount of expenses in relation to the court procedures. Here alternative dispute resolution plays an effective as well as very vital role in the field of resolution of disputes (Chern, 2011 ). Many courts has also recognized the alternative dispute resolution and observed that alternative dispute resolution is very much essential for the society for the purpose of resolving the disputes in a rapid speed with a lesser amount of expenses in comparison to the judicial proceedings (Brenninkmeijer, Jagtenberg and De Roo, 2006). Modes of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): 1. Mediation: In this process of alternative dispute resolution, where if the parties could not came into a mutual point of settlement by way of some negotiation from both the parties as to their interests, then they, at their will, may appoint a mediator in respect of resolving the matter in dispute. In this process they have to make an agreement upon the final and conclusive decision given by the mediator shall have the binding force upon the parties to the dispute (Cammaerts, Mattoni and McCurdy, 2013).2. Negotiation: The main matter of concern in the process of alternative dispute resolution is negotiation from the part of the parties to the dispute. If either of the parties is reluctant to the concept of negotiation in relation to resolving the matter in dispute then the process is not possible at that stage. Negotiation is the only affecting way which may compel the parties to the dispute under the same roof in relation to resolving the matter in dispute (Schneider, 2009).3. Co nciliation: In this process of alternative dispute resolution a third party is appointed with the free consent of both the parties in the dispute. This third party plays the role of a conciliator. If the parties to the dispute agree upon it then they are able to appoint separate conciliators for each of them and a common conciliator who shall play the role of connector among the parties in dispute (Belavkin and Guta, 2008).The conciliator may be appointed on the basis of advisory, conciliation, and arbitration services (Acas) in relation to the dispute, which shall be provided to the parties concern. But without such advisory board conciliators may also be appointed with the prior consent of the parties of the dispute.4. Arbitration: Here, in this process of alternative dispute resolution system, an arbitrator is appointed by the parties in dispute themselves. He plays a major role in the dismissal of the dispute in concern. An arbitrator is like a connecting bridge among the partie s from two different sides. The arbitrator establishes the connection to resolve the matter in dispute by way of consented negotiation from both the parties, in this way by giving a certain things, are able to earn a lot more better things (Reed, Paulsson and Blackaby, 2004).5. Medola: If the parties to the matter in dispute has not came to any conclusive decision regarding resolving the dispute, by a mediator, then the mediator may ask for the parties various possible negotiating points to resolve the matter in dispute. Advantages of alternative dispute resolution (ADR): 1. In a alternative dispute resolution both the parties to the dispute are constrained in a same table of conversation by which they will be able to resolve their disputes without hampering their past relations.2. The alternative dispute resolution system provides very fast remedy in comparison to the ancient or traditional court proceedings (Hodges, Benohr and Creutzfeldt-Banda, 2012).3. In a process under alternative dispute resolution there is no as such scope for any kind of needless expenses to be meet by the concern parties, it provides remedy in a cheaper expenditure in comparison to the traditional court expenses.4. Here, both the parties are coming into a mutual understanding as to resolving the dispute with their free consent and their will to solve the problem as well. In this process parties does not possess any apprehension regarding the factors like winning or losing the proceedings, which is usually happens in the judicial system.5. During a judicial procedure, the con cern litigants in quite a few time suffers from inferiority, even the legal representatives are also feel inferior in certain stages of the trial, which not noticeable in procedure of alternative dispute resolution.6. The main advantage regarding the alternative dispute resolution is that, in this process final and conclusive decision as to the justice is provided in a very good speed in comparison to the judicial proceedings.7. In the system of alternative dispute resolution, confidentiality is preserved in a primary base and neither of the facts relating to the dispute is disclosed without the consent of the parties as to the public in general.8. Flexibility is a great advantage as to the procedures under the alternative dispute resolution system; there is no scope of rigidity in the concept of alternative dispute resolution as to to resolving the matters in dispute.9. The burdens upon the courts are only can be reduced by way of the alternative dispute resolution system and it al so enhances the possibilities regarding future aspects as well.10. In spite of being some dissimilarities with the court proceedings the final and conclusive decision taken during the procedure of alternative dispute resolution, has the binding force just like a decree given by a court of competent jurisdiction (Steffek and Unberath, 2013). Disadvantages of alternative dispute resolution: 1. The decision taken in the process of the alternative dispute resolution is the initiation of the parties and it has legal enforceability but not as much as the judgement of the a court of competent jurisdiction.2. In the process of alternative dispute resolution system there is a good amount of possibility in respect of ignorance of the statutory provisions regarding the matter in dispute.3. If the decision is not followed by either of the party then the other party to the dispute has to approach the court of law with competent jurisdiction.4. If neither of the parties agrees to the process of alternative dispute resolution then it cannot be started, which shall restrict the chances of resolving the matter in dispute.5. In certain cases, depending upon the matter the cost of the procedure of alternative dispute resolution becomes very much high as the arbitrator charges a good amount in respect to the matter in dispute (Shah and Menski, 2006). Conclusion: After the discussion it can be summed up that alternative dispute resolution is the most important factor in relation to diminishing the burdens from the shoulders of the courts of competent jurisdiction. In present society it has become an absolute procedure in resolving the matters in dispute within a shorter period of time but due the lack of initiation of the parties it may become quite difficult and ambiguous in certain cases. Precedents in European Union Laws: Introduction: One of the main sources of law is precedents; the other foremost source is legislation. When there is any conflict between two or more statutes regarding any fact in issue or if the concern statute is silent upon any particular fact in issue then the court of competent jurisdiction shall have the power to intervene as to proper interpretation of the provision of the statute. The court by taking into consideration the main object and purpose of the statute interprets the conflicting provisions. The court mentions its observation at the time of giving the judgment; this observation enforces some changes into the statutory provisions. Judges can interpret the provision regarding the ambiguity. But judges cannot make any interpretation in suo moto manner, they are empowered to do so whenever any matter in dispute comes before the court and which includes such a conflict or ambiguity regarding the matter in issue, and the conflicting provisions of the concern statutes. After doing necessa ry interpretations those interpretations becomes a law and shall have the binding enforceability of law as well. The court of competent jurisdiction is also has the power to nullify any provision of any statute in issue (Parpworth and Pollard, 2006). From the earlier period precedential laws are considered with the great significance. There are several grounds of the applicability of precedential law into the union laws. The major benefits depending upon which the union laws adapts the procedure of precedential law are discussed under the following; In relation to the standards of judicial instance to demeanor its procedure, it is indispensable to be competent to make a decision about the smudge of legal phenomena. Throughout the course of transmission of a judgment, the judge used to place out their justification for accomplishment of a conclusion. The cause that is required for them to appear at their termination quantity to the particulars concerning theratio decidendiof the case. Theratio decidendifigures the lawful code which is aobligatory precedentsense it have to be followed in the upcoming cases consisting the similar substance facts. It is significant to divide theratio decidendias of theobiter dicta (Bryson, Dauchy and Mirow, 2006). In theDonoghue v Stevenson[1932] case,the House of Lords observed that, a maker allocated a duty of concern to the crucial customer of the manufactured goods. This laid down a obligatory precedent whichwas pursued in the case ofGrant v Australian Knitting Mills[1936]. Also in the case ofShaw v DPP[1962], the House of Lords observed that a criminal conspiracy to fraudulent community ethics existed. This was pursued inthe case of Knuller v DPP[1973] too. Union laws are mainly based upon the customary laws and in the legal surroundings of UK, customary laws plays the most important role. Statutory laws are interpreted by the adjudicators and that is the main reason of the fact that in this decisions or laws, margin of errors are very less. So, consequently it is quite easy to adapt with an overview of having definite and precise legal provisions. The legal phenomenon in the United Kingdom were depended mostly on judge-made laws, these laws established by way of decisions taken by judges crucial to decide the cases placed in front of them is known as "common law" or case-laws, till around the seventeenth century. Each and every jurisdiction of the nation established its own kind of common laws, here Scotland in particular discrete from the others (Nikolic, 2009). From that time, fresh laws and law alteration have ever more been introduced about by Acts of Parliament, generally enthused by guiding principles of the Government of the da y. Nonetheless, the improvement of case-laws still leftovers a vital resource of law. A declaration of law prepared by a judge while deciding a case be able to become obligatory on later adjudicators and may by this way turn out to be the law for everyone must follow. Whether or not a particular announcement, in principle known as a precedent, by a adjudicator sitting in court of law whilst deciding a matter in dispute does turn out to be binding, in accordance to the principle of "stare decisis" - set by what has formerly been determined, on later juries depends upon two major factors: The assertion must have created theratio decidendiof the matter in dispute; this is a Latin concept for the way of thinking at the back of the decision. The analysis has to be a subject matter pertaining to the law to a certain extent than a factual decision. In adding together, the assertion should not beobiter dictum- a little said moreover about the law or the particulars of the matter in dispute which is "by the way", in other language, not austerely compulsory for the legal base for the conclusion. Merely theratio decidendiwill be obligatory. It will consist of the legal doctrines and regulations which are essential to resolve the predicament in front of the court.Obiter dictaare not obligatory, but it could be considered as of "persuasive authority" - later adjudicators are at liberty to follow them and be prejudiced by them, but they are not appreciative to go after these parts of legal pronouncements (Dauchy, Bryson and Mirow, 2010). Ratio decidendi signifies the promptness of the legal provisions taken by the court of law. It describes the capability of the sentence pronounced by the judge and these laws are quite decisive in relation to future cases with similar kind. It can be followed by any kind of legal concept in relation to the similar kind of cases within the same legal territory. Union laws mainly focus on the decisive and definite provision without any ambiguity that are quite available in the precedential laws as the ambiguity level is eliminated by the judiciary (Knowles, and Thomas, 2012). In the common law legal systems, a precedent or last word is a theory or regulation recognized in a preceding legal case that be also binding on or convincing for a court of competent jurisdiction or supplementary tribunal when come to a decision in the subsequent cases with comparable subjects or facts (Rosati, 2012). The Common law legal systems put a great significance on deciding matters in dispute in accordance to the consistent ethical rules consequently analogous particulars will yield alike and unsurprising outcomes, and adherence of precedent is the apparatus by which that objective is reached. In Law Dictionary of Black it is defined that "precedent" as a "regulation of law recognized for the initial time by a court of competent jurisdiction for a meticulous kind of matters in dispute and after that suggested to in make a decision in the comparable cases." The Common law precedent system is a third type of law, on equivalent grip with statutory laws, statutes and codes esta blished by legislative authorities, and regulatory law, where set of laws are propagated by decision-making branch agencies (Edwards, 2009). The doctrine of Stare decisis is very much applicable upon the concept of precedents or judge made laws, it is an Anglo-Latin term, and it is a legal theory by which adjudicators are at a duty to admire the precedent recognized by previous verdicts (Chan, 2002). The expressions instigated from the phraseology of the theory in the Latin aphorism Stare decisis et non quieta movere, it signifies that "to situate by verdicts and not to disturb the undisturbed." In the legal framework, this is implicated to denote that courts of competent jurisdiction be supposed to generally put up with the precedent and not to disturb the settled matters (Borden, 2014). Conclusion: After the above discussion it can be summed up that precedent is one of the most important sources of law in all time circumstances. Legislatures frames the laws but it is rectified and properly implemented by the judicial system, by virtue of that new laws are created or existing laws are executed in a newly framed direction. Judge made laws are legally enforceable as much as the statutory provisions. References Ali, S. (2013).Consumer Financial Dispute Resolution in a Comparative Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Belavkin, V. and Guta, M. (2008).Quantum stochastics and information. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co. Borden, G. (2014).Process. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Brenninkmeijer, A., Jagtenberg, R. and De Roo, A. (2006).Effective Resolution of Collective Labour Disputes. Groningen: Europa Law Pub. Cammaerts, B., Mattoni, A. and McCurdy, P. (2013).Mediation and protest movements. Bristol, UK: Intellect. Chan, A. (2002).Thesis 2002. [Newton, Mass.: Mount Ida College, Chamberlayne School of Design. Chern, C. (2011).Chern on Dispute Boards. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Edwards, J. (2009).The Hebrew Gospel and the development of the synoptic tradition. Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. Gelston, A. (2008).The Psalms in Christian worship. Norwich, UK: Hymns Ancient and Modern. Godfrey, B. and Dunstall, G. (2005).Crime and empire, 1840-1940. Cullompton, Devon, UK: Willan Pub. Hodges, C., Benohr, I. and Creutzfeldt-Banda, N. (2012).Consumer ADR in Europe. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Hoffman, D. (2011).The impact of the UK Human Rights Act on private law. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Hoffman, D. (2011).The Impact of the UK Human Rights Act on Private Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nielsen, J. and Christoffersen, L. (2009).Sharia as discourse. Farnham, Surrey [UK]: Ashgate. Reed, L., Paulsson, J. and Blackaby, N. (2004).Guide to ICSID arbitration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International. Rosati, E. (2012).Judge-made EU copyright harmonisation. Florence: European University Institute. Schneider, C. (2009).Conflict, negotiation and European Union enlargement. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Shah, P. and Menski, W. (2006).Migration, diasporas and legal systems in Europe. London: Routledge-Cavendish. Smartt, U. (2014).Optimize Public Law. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Steffek, F. and Unberath, H. (2013).Regulating Dispute Resolution. Oxford: Hart Publishing Limited.

Pride and predjudice Essay Example For Students

Pride and predjudice Essay Pride and PrejudiceJane Austens Pride and Prejudice, set in Nineteenth century England, is a novel about marriage. Austens feminine writing and weaved storyline creates a novel which can be interesting to read and which women especially enjoy. The novel has a strong theme of marriage as a mother (Mrs. Bennet) desperately trying to marry her daughters off. She didnt care about the quality of the men her daughters were marrying, but was satisfied just as long as they found a man. When her sixteen-year-old daughter Lydia marries Wickham, she is thrilled and proceeds to make plans for visiting her neighbors with her, despite the fact that they had lived togetherfor over a year without being married, and that Wickham was forced into marrying her. Mrs. Bennets strong desire to marry off her children and her unsatisfactory attempts at matchmaking show that in her society, marriage is held in high regard. It is a persons personal worth and the transfer of family fortunes that occurs during a marriage in this time that is probably the most important factor, not how the couple gets along or likes each other. Austen plays on this social behavior and seems to be making a statement. Therefore, I believe that Pride and Prejudice is a social satire. The language of Pride and Prejudice is astonishingly simple and the verbiage frugal, especially for the period in which it is written. There is no drastic action or heroic characters; however, Austen convincingly 1 develops character with it, and her characters, each with their own dialogue and languistical nuances, stand apart very well. Another interesting note about her characters is that at the end of the novel, all of her characters are punished or rewarded according to their actions throughout the course of the book. This shows her moralistic side. This quote, a typical Mr. Bennet speech, occurs when the issue of Kitty going to Brighton is brought up: This is a parade which does one good; it gives such an elegance to misfort une! Another day I will do the same; I will sit in my library, in my night-cap and powdering gown, and give as much trouble as I can or, perhaps, I may defer it til Kitty runs away. Contrasting this to someone like Mrs. Gardiner, as she is quoted here speaking to Elizabeth about Darcys estate, one can see a completely different tone and manner of speaking: My love, should you not like to see a place of which you have heard so much? A place, too, with which so many of your acquaintance are connected. Wickham passed all his youth there, you know. It must also be noted that her male characters are not nearly as developed and refined as her female ones. Men never gathered alone to discuss, or have parties this is reserved for the women. Most of the men arent even taken seriously. But I must give credit to Austen, for as Mark Twain once said, Write what you know about, and Jane Austen probably wouldnt have done so well with her men as she did with her women. This is the basic argument that she is a feminine author, appealing mostly to women. Most importantly, she uses language to make her societys view a marriage look like a joke as evidenced in the language of Mrs. Bennet and of the Miss Bennets. Furthermore, marriage and matchmaking is downplayed in the novels playing with first impressions and their effects. Had Darcy acted a bit more polite at the first dance and Elizabeth less critical of him, then the 2 two of them would probably been married by Chapter VI and what is now a 250+ page novel would have been a 50 page short story. But, contrary to what the romance novels of the past two hundred years seem to tell us, life is not always like that, and oftentimes our personal prejudices and imperfect selves get in the way of our best will, leaving only our libidious egos to judge. Her treatment of characters helps us to see the shallowness of the peoples of her time. Mrs. Bennet, the matchmaker, makes us laugh at the very notion of marriage between some of the p eople in the novel. Kitty and Lydia, however, are caught up in their own frivolous worlds and in the end get what they are eventually seeking, anyway. Lady Catherine, an extremely proud woman, simply looks foolish. Sir William Lucas is the epitome of all that is arrogant and pompous. These characters help to play a part in showing the one-sidedness of the people of this time and in portraying the lack of depth in their marriages, which are usually only for money or prestige. As a conclusion, romance is what a writer like Austen is really good at, and the people of her time would buy it (if it sold well in her time, then shed be financially worry-free). That is why it is written in the form that it is. Pride and Prejudice is essentially a satire of social behavior, especially of marriage. What Austen appears to be asking is Can love really be found in society? According to her book, it is hardly likely. Even though Darcy and Elizabeth appear happy at the end, it is hard to imagine th e Darcy from the first part of the book married to Elizabeth. This long, interwoven theme of marriage can appeal today as social classes and position are factors in peoples marriages Austen seems to be saying that none of this is important, and one should marry someone that he/she really likes as a person, not as a means of prestige. .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 , .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .postImageUrl , .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 , .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0:hover , .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0:visited , .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0:active { border:0!important; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0:active , .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0 .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubfa2a8ee5467d0f59b3dbe052f667cd0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord Of The Flies With Withered Arm Companionship Essay

Modern Jazz free essay sample

This book Is organized In two parts: Background and Basics and Modern Jazz Voicing. If you are a novice arranger, we recommend you work through the fundamental concepts in the first part before tackling the sophisticated techniques in the second. Even experienced arrangers may want a quick review of the basics; or they may choose to Jump right Into part two, but use part one as a reference section, consulting it as needed to check the top of the soprano saxs range, for instance, or to remind themselves of the standard strategies for harmonize approach notes.However you arrive at part twos discussion of contemporary voicing, we suggest you learn the material In several ways: Learn the theory. For each voicing technique, the text defines the theoretical basis as well as a step-by-step recipe for harmonize a given melody. Practice applying the technique by working through the exercises. We have provided partial solutions to start you in the right direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Jazz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Train your ears.Many of the musical examples presented in the book are demonstrated on the accompanying CD. By cueing up the tracks corresponding to the written examples, o can actually hear the effect of the different intervals in the voicing being illustrated. (Look for the CD symbol 37 marking these recorded demonstrations. ) The written examples also list the instruments used In the recorded track. Knowing the Instrumentation will help you appreciate the timbres and blends of various combinations.Listen to each example at least several times in order to get it in your ears. (Some of the shorter examples are played twice. ) Train your ears further by playing the voicing on the piano and singing them. Check the sound of your employed exercises at the Plano as well. Alma to recognize the distinct musical Impressions created by certain voicing. Listen to the recordings of arrangers and players who use these voicing to create their characteristic sounds. Intervals of a minor ninth. And avoid muddy voicing (keep the bottom note of each voicing at or above d below middle c. Unless It Is the root of the chord. ) If you are using a computer program, play back your mini arrangement to see how it sounds. 1 OF 7 book concentrates on scoring for wind instruments, you can apply the same concepts to orchestrating for voices, strings, guitars, and keyboards. You should also experiment with unusual combinations and non-traditional alignments.A particular five-part voicing played on piano will sound very different when played by five saxes aligned from top to bottom as alto, alto, tenor, tenor, and baritone; or when scored for the same five saxes aligned baritone, alto, alto, tenor, tenor; or when scored for violin, flute, muted trumpet, tenor sax, and acoustic bass; or when sung by a vocal group made up of two sopranos, alto, tenor, and baritone. As you gain confidence, apply these voicing to longer portions of a selected tune. Since variety is important to any successful arrangement, remember to mix in other textures, including solo, linear, and contrapuntal passages.Before long, you will be producing complete and effective arrangements for five or six horns and a rhythm section, arrangements with a mature, contemporary dimension-?a sophisticated sound. Copyright 2001 Berkeley Press. Published by Berkeley Press. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the Publisher. PART l: Background and Basics Review these essential concepts before exploring the advanced voicing methods in Part II. CHAPTER 1 Instrumental Information 1-1 TranspositionUse the table below to transpose the concert pitch of an instrument (the pitch that actually sounds and the note that appears on a concert score) to the corresponding note that is written on that instruments part. For example, in order to have a clarinet play a concert b-flat pitch, you must write the note c on the clarinet part a major second higher than the actual concert pitch. For instruments not shown here, consult any reputable text on orchestration or instrumentation. Transposition Table Instrument Concert Pitch Written Note Transposition from Concert Pitch Flute

Understanding the Big-Bang Theory

Understanding the Big-Bang Theory The big-bang theory is the dominant theory of the origin of the universe. In essence, this theory states that the universe began from an initial point or singularity, which has expanded over billions of years to form the universe as we now know it. Early Expanding Universe Findings In 1922, a Russian cosmologist and mathematician named Alexander Friedman found that solutions to Albert Einsteins general relativity field equations resulted in an expanding universe. As a believer in a static, eternal universe, Einstein added a cosmological constant to his equations, correcting for this error and thus eliminating the expansion. He would later call this the biggest blunder of his life. Actually, there was already observational evidence in support of an expanding universe. In 1912, American astronomer Vesto Slipher observed a spiral galaxy- considered a spiral nebula at the time, since astronomers didnt yet know that there were galaxies beyond the Milky Way- and recorded its redshift, the shift of a light source shift toward the red end of the light spectrum. He observed that all such nebula were traveling away from the Earth. These results were quite controversial at the time, and their full implications were not considered. In 1924, astronomer Edwin Hubble was able to measure the distance to these nebula and discovered that they were so far away that they were not actually part of the Milky Way. He had discovered that the Milky Way was only one of many galaxies and that these nebulae were actually galaxies in their own right. Birth of the Big Bang In 1927, Roman Catholic priest and physicist Georges Lemaitre independently calculated the Friedman solution and again suggested that the universe must be expanding. This theory was supported by Hubble when, in 1929, he found that there was a correlation between the distance of the galaxies and the amount of redshift in that galaxys light. The distant galaxies were moving away faster, which was exactly what was predicted by Lemaitres solutions. In 1931, Lemaitre went further with his predictions, extrapolating backward in time find that the matter of the universe would reach an infinite density and temperature at a finite time in the past. This meant the universe must have begun in an incredibly small, dense point of matter, called a primeval atom. The fact that Lemaitre was a Roman Catholic priest concerned some, as he was putting forth a theory that presented a definite moment of creation to the universe. In the 1920s and 1930s, most physicists- like Einstein- were inclined to believe that the universe had always existed. In essence, the big-bang theory was seen as too religious by many people. Big Bang vs. Steady State While several theories were presented for a time, it was really only Fred Hoyles steady-state theory that provided any real competition for Lemaitres theory. It was, ironically, Hoyle who coined the phrase Big Bang during a 1950s radio broadcast, intending it as a derisive term for Lemaitres theory. The steady-state theory predicted that new matter was created such that the density and temperature of the universe remained constant over time, even while the universe was expanding. Hoyle also predicted that denser elements were formed from hydrogen and helium through the process of stellar nucleosynthesis, which, unlike the steady-state theory, has proved to be accurate. George Gamow- one of Friedmans pupils- was the major advocate of the big-bang theory. Together with colleagues Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman, he predicted the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, which is radiation that should exist throughout the universe as a remnant of the Big Bang. As atoms began to form during the recombination era, they allowed microwave radiation (a form of light) to travel through the universe, and Gamow predicted that this microwave radiation would still be observable today. The debate continued until 1965 when Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson stumbled upon the CMB while working for Bell Telephone Laboratories. Their Dicke radiometer, used for radio astronomy and satellite communications, picked up a 3.5 K temperature (a close match to Alpher and Hermans prediction of 5 K). Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, some proponents of steady-state physics attempted to explain this finding while still denying the big-bang theory, but by the end of the decade, it was clear that the CMB radiation had no other plausible explanation. Penzias and Wilson received the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics for this discovery. Cosmic Inflation Certain concerns, however, remained regarding the big-bang theory. One of these was the problem of homogeneity. Scientists asked: Why does the universe look identical, in terms of energy, regardless of which direction one looks? The big-bang theory does not give the early universe time to reach thermal equilibrium, so there should be differences in energy throughout the universe. In 1980, American physicist Alan Guth formally proposed inflation theory to resolve this and other problems. This theory says that in the early moments following the Big Bang, there was an extremely rapid expansion of the nascent universe driven by negative-pressure vacuum energy (which may be in some way related to current theories of dark energy). Alternatively, inflation theories, similar in concept but with slightly different details have been put forward by others in the years since. The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) program by NASA, which began in 2001, has provided evidence that strongly supports an inflation period in the early universe. This evidence is especially strong in the three-year data released in 2006, though there are still some minor inconsistencies with theory. The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John C. Mather and George Smoot, two key workers on the WMAP project. Existing Controversies While the Big Bang theory is accepted by the vast majority of physicists, there are still some minor questions concerning it. Most importantly, however, are the questions which the theory cannot even attempt to answer: What existed before the Big Bang?What caused the Big Bang?Is our universe the only one? The answers to these questions may well exist beyond the realm of physics, but theyre fascinating nonetheless, and answers such as the multiverse hypothesis provide an intriguing area of speculation for scientists and non-scientists alike. Other Names for the Big Bang When Lemaitre originally proposed his observation about the early universe, he called this early state of the universe the primeval atom. Years later, George Gamow would apply the name ylem for it. It has also been called the primordial atom or even the cosmic egg.

Case Analysis (Marketing Planning and Management) Essay

Case Analysis (Marketing Planning and Management) - Essay Example The recommendations that has been provided is to create a complete workflow for the process and assign each job to every member and remove both sampling as well as the discounts and aim at marketing through other marketing techniques Variable cost per unit is not applicable, as the products were sponsored and there are no ‘cost of goods’ involved. The price per product on the first day is $15. Hence the entire $15 is contributed to cover the total fixed costs involved. The costs involved were very minimal and all the stocks were sold out. The liquidity position is also very strong with a turn over of $ 5,365 received in cash. Overall, the financial position of the company is very strong. Initially, the plan was to buy and promote seventy units every market day. However, the company sponsored for 100 units a day. Hence the marketing strategy was altered to include this factor. The demand was also estimated at 140 for the two days. The marketing strategy was very effective and entire 200 units were sold out in 2 days. The actual position turned out to be more optimistic than that was projected. Team performance and cooperation among all team members plays a very important role in this project. The team consisted of five members Stephanie Holland, Cassandra Hayes, Jean Kho, Nick Robinson and Brian Chow. The team performance and team dynamics as whole was very powerful and every individual in the team took up responsibilities and performed towards achieving a common goal of the team. There has been active participation from all members thereby making it possible for Sweet Adrenalin to achieve the success that it has achieved in the market day. The team structuring as a whole has been very strong and the allocation of the various positions in the team has been extremely good (Jobber, 2004). Communication flow within the organisation and in

Schleiermachers and Nietzsches Opposition to Immanuel Kant Essay

Schleiermachers and Nietzsches Opposition to Immanuel Kant - Essay Example This essay discusses that Kant assumes that man must possess a certain â€Å"goodwill† and that whatever happens, one must know that he â€Å"ought to do the inexpedient good† (278). However, based on the views of Schleiermacher and Nietzsche, the ideas of Kant somehow imply that all human beings are the same no matter what and that they share the same moral values and systems of morality. Kant’s contemporary, Friedrich Schleiermacher, expressed his opposition to Kant’s categorical imperative by declaring that the imperative cannot presume at all that it should apply uniformly to all human beings because of the â€Å"value of diversity or individuality even in the human sphere† (Forster). Therefore, for Schleiermacher, all humans cannot be subjected under one moral law because individuals are distinct from their societies as societies are distinct from each other. Moreover, although the categorical imperative implies a commitment to all humanity, Schleiermacher believes that it is not the individual but religion that must possess this duty towards humanity. Schleiermacher also rejects Kant’s otherworldly basis of religion and at the same time, the former emphasizes that â€Å"religion can no more be based on morality than on metaphysics or science† (Forster). Therefore, for Schleiermacher, the basis of religion, since it cannot seem to be ascertained, is not as important as its purpose in taking care of humanity. Unlike Kant, Schleiermacher further stressed out the importance of Jesus Christ and his life as a basis for his salvation.

Wild Style Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wild Style - Assignment Example t in the film depicts how the development of modern culture struggled during their birth and corruption of such at that age would mean no culture today. There is more than just music to be learned from the film of Wild Style that is highly attractive even today. Many more people can learn from the characters that were used, their behavior and so forth. This after all is the purpose of creating films, to educate people about a certain subject that is familiar to the eye but understood differently by the minds. Culture is a fashioned way of doing things that define a certain group of people. In this case, the culture is Hip hop that can be described as having minor subcultures that define it in the entity; Graffiti, Djing, Break dancing and MCing (Gale). In the film, Lee Quinones acting as the character of Zoro is a graffiti artist whose neighborhood, the Bronx, is the source of hip hop culture. In fact, Hip hop was confined to the generation region, that is, the Bronx (Staff). The Dixie Club was featured in the (Wellman) film and was where the performers would showcase their talents or show (Rosen). This is the same way that people come to form a community, and the result is the birth of a culture. In the film, the culture was already there, it was only developing with the exchange of ideas. The streets of the Bronx are can-sprayed all over by unknown graffiti artists who take to the walls and windows for their exhibition. The environment created by the neighborhood creates a harboring pl ace for such talents as was realized in the case of Zoro. Indeed, the culture of Hip Hop has come a long way from back then where it was in a small region. Now this culture has grown into an international style that has been transformed through factors of time and different environment. Music is more than just a mere hobby for passing time or appeasing the mind; it is a way of expression and a tool of communication (music 1). Rap scenes at the Dixie Club by various talents

Classification of Medical Devices

Classification of Medical Devices Sri Kanya Alluru Why are medical devices stratified into different classes? A wide range of medical devices are used daily, and many are being marketed. It is difficult to study each of these devices separately. In order to determine these devices complexity, and its level of harm a classification system is developed. The classification is assigned based on its marketing requirements and the risks or benefits it imposes. A basic classification system is required to classify and assign medical devices to each of these systems to get a thorough understanding of all devices, their intended use, labeling patterns and marketing criteria. Medical devices are classified into 3 groups based on the degree of difficulty in assuring safety and efficacy. These medical devices are used by mankind in one or the other way so it is necessary to classify them so that they can be aware of the risks posed by each class. The various classes include Class I: General controls Class II: General controls and special controls Class III: General controls, Special controls and premarket approval This stratification helps FDA, manufacturers and patients. Class I devices are low risk devices, and require less regulatory control compared to other classes. These include elastic bandages etc. Class III devices are high risk and life sustaining so strict regulations are to be enforced in a manner such that these devices adhere to them. Examples include implants, pacemakers etc. By understanding these risk factors patients can be careful at the time of device use to assure their safety. FDA has classified almost 1700 medical devices into different categories known as panels based on their medical importance and their intended use such as all cardiovascular devices are assigned as one panel, all dental devices are grouped as another panel etc., which in turn are again assigned either under Class I, II or III devices. These devices are classified based on the device description according to 21 CFR 862-892. For manufacturers in case of low risk devices such as Class I devices they are exempted from pre-market approval and so take less time for marketing thus benefitting manufacturers. So based on classification they can identify which products need approval and which of them are to be exempted enabling their marketing time. 2. Why is traceability important for the medical device life cycle? Who does it benefit – the manufacturer, FDA, both? Explain your answer. Traceability is defined as the ability to thoroughly study a medical device from it design to the end process. It requires complete analysis and understanding of their uses. (Effective Traceability of Medical Devices, 2010). Traceability is an essential factor in device life cycle as it Enables product recalls, To determine the batch that has undergone recalls without enhancing recall of all devices To maintain records so that an efficient review and preventive measures can be enabled It is the responsibility of each manufacturer to establish requirements for each type or family of devices to ensure the device safety, quality, and establish methods and procedures to design, produce, distribute, etc. As a part of the quality system regulation or GMP principle documenting the details is essential for traceability. The manufacturer must prepare a batch record for every device/batch that is product and must be identified with a unique lot/control numbering system defined by the manufacturer and it represents the lots complete history. Distribution records of each where it was shipped must be kept by the manufacturer for traceability in the event of a recall. The device GMP require manufacturers to be able to trace any device or device component by a control number if it is indented for surgical implant into the body to support or sustain life, and its failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. The Quality system regulations require companies to establish purchasing controls and institute post-distribution device failure investigations and corrective/preventive actions for defects or recurring technical problems. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to establish traceability controls to effectively handle complaint/failures and determine root cause so as to correct prevent the reoccurrence and at the same time it would help the manufacturer to effectively handle the recalls both internally and also with FDA when required. 3. Review the Johnson and Johnson Quality Catastrophe article under Week 9 Readings. What areThe major lessons learned from Johnson and Johnson’s Quality Catastrophe? Based on the events and circumstances in the article Johnson and Johnson and its subsidiaries had certainly put its consumers trust in turmoil by providing unsafe products. Johnson Johnson (JJ) expanded its businesses by acquiring and merging with companies manufacturing health products. Due to these acquisitions it has become a decentralized organization. It is unusual to see deficiencies in product quality and safety, as all the procedures and rules for safety are defined at the enterprise level, not at the product level. The incidents mentioned occurred due to ignorance and profit making strategies of the corporate companies leaving the facts and safety concerns behind reality. These would cause lot of pain and suffering to the people relying on the product with their lives. Tylenol incident occurred in the past has gained applause and appreciation for its best crisis management, but later incidents brought condemnation to the company. The reason for this quality catastrophe occurred at JJ is mainly due to the following reasons. Corporate governance: Due to JJ decentralized organizational structure, the responsibility rest at the enterprise level not at the subsidiary level, CEO Weldon (2002-2012) put in place. Under his Leader ship many recalls, incidents occurred due to his negligence, and profit making mentality. They failed to meet with the regulations He clouded the issues in the factories (McNeil Factory odor), recalls (Motrin, Benadryl), lawsuits (Hip replacement) from the individuals, hospitals using their products by showing steady growth and properties to the investors and board of directors. Product Safety: Product safety should be one of the top priorities while manufacturing consumer products. Ignoring these facts will cause jeopardy to the consumers and have adverse effects due to their use. Marketing products without proper research and tests will cause problems to the consumers. JJ failed to comply with these standards in their products (Ortho Evra, DePuy hip product), and caused harm and discomfort to the consumers emotionally and physically. FDA Ignorance: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should be stringent with companies in imposing rules and regulations of the FDA. By imposing these laws FDA can ensure that the companies will provide high quality products to the consumers. In this case FDA ignored the JJ company product recalls, factories manufacturing standards, and their sanity conditions. Due to its ignorance people had permanent immobility, discomfort, and even deaths. This can be prevent if FDA had a structured program in allowing health products being market after certifying them they are safe, and define laws that would report medical incidents, and lawsuits to the FDA for review. 4. What are the regulatory challenges specifically for products in the mobile health space? FDA recently issued the Mobile Medical Guidance for Industry, which mainly outlines the regulations for mobile space devices. The mobile app is designed to have a direct communication to patient. (Kim, 2014) Incorporating mobile apps, as a tool for health-based issues is a boon, when major challenges and risks associated with it are overviewed and are put in a right way so that they are beneficial to the public. Recently a large number of health and fitness apps, medical device apps are introduced and their number is constantly increasing day by day. But the major challenge underneath this is which of them are beneficial and can be categorized as medical apps. They are to be clearly understood and regulated. Software’s intended solely for the purpose of storage are exempted as medical apps, and those for serious health issues and diagnostic purposes are regarded as mobile health apps. Post market surveillance also has a major role to play. As these mobile health apps are pioneer and outstanding major challenges lies in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment (Brousseau, 2012). Medical apps can be categorized into three groups. Firstly only a few apps meet the requirements of a device and help in diagnosis. Secondly, a large number of apps are not scrutinized or influenced by FDA such as calorie counters etc. and finally some apps, which have no benefits in medical field. In spite of so many of these apps FDA has to have a keen and a clear survey on which of them actually comes under mobile health category and regulate them(Brousseau, 2012). Most challenging effect is that there might be loss of confidentiality because these social medias always face the risk of hackers. There are also serious risks associated with the misuse of mobile apps. But there are questions regarding how risks arise with these apps. So there is challenge for the improvement of adverse reporting system. It’s possible for a medical device to escape regulatory process and enter the market but such type of procedures impose risks to consumers so FDA has to monitor them thoroughly.(Vesely, 2014) 5. What was the most interesting thing you learned in the devices portion  Of RGA 6100? There are many interesting things that surprised me during my course. I could learn the regulations governing these devices, various medical device companies, their FDA approvals and lot more things. Today there are so many advances in medical device technology such as medical robotic technology for various surgeries, mobile health apps that helps in communication between doctor and patient, inhaled insulin more advantageous to diabetes patients and if we go on it would be an never ending discussion. I found Lap-band interesting because of today’s obesity problems people are facing. Although there are several weight loss programs, fitness centers, they provide only short-term results and also have considerable health problems.(Ruchi Mathur, 2014) This lap-band is so advantageous that it ensures healthy weight loss and has long term results. This is an adjustable process as we can loosen or tighten it according to our convenience. (Lap-Band Surgery Information,) REFERENCES: Brousseau, Zachary. (2012). Experts Examine Regulation of Health-Related Mobile Apps, Software and Social Media. Retrieved 03/24/2014, 2014, from https://http://www.raps.org/focus-online/under-raps/under-raps-article/article/2479/experts-examine-regulation-of-health-related-mobile-apps-software-and-social-me.aspx Effective Traceability of Medical Devices. (2010). Retrieved 03/21/014, 2014, from http://www.imb.ie/EN/SafetyQuality/Advisory-WarningRecall-Notices/Medical-Devices/page-title-Effective-Traceability-of-Medical-Devices.aspx Kim, Sun. (2014). FDA Regulations on Mobile Medical Apps. Retrieved 03/24/2014, 2014, from http://qbdworks.com/fda-regulations-on-mobile-medical-apps/ Lap-Band Surgery Information.). Retrieved 03/21/2014, 2014, from http://www.mills-peninsula.org/obesity/lapband.html Ruchi Mathur, MD, FRCP(C). (2014). Lap Band Surgery(Gastric Banding). Retrieved 03/21/2014, 2014, from http://www.medicinenet.com/lap_band_surgery_gastric_banding/article.htm Vesely, Rebecca. (2014). mHealth Regulations: Whats in Store? Retrieved 03/25/2014, 2014, from http://www.ihealthbeat.org/insight/2014/mhealth-regulations-whats-in-store 1

Generations: Probity in Photojournalism :: essays research papers

GENERATIONS: PROBITY IN PHOTOJOURNALISM? With the existence of first-rate technology, depletion of society moral standards, and ethics for sale on the street corners, has the general public lost the original intent of a photograph? For photojournalists Wally and Win Mcnamee, a father and son who are well known and respected in the photojournalism field, probity reaches out through their photos with the presence of its’ own soul. Elizabeth Anstead, the author of the article, was all too convinced of this fact trying to expose an alter ego in photojournalism. The alter ego, that is all too often overshadowed by those of poor taste and more so as time goes by, receives the respect and glory that she surmises as overdue. Modern photographers tend to chase personal success, in turn placing a cover over the original story that a photograph portrays. A sigh of relief can be taken after reading her article, for it emphasizes the points that should be held of high importance in the area of â€Å"still memory†. She denu ded the layers, empathizing with Wally and Win both; disclosing to the surface the passion they have for their profession directly out of their hearts and highly noted work, interpreting both factors into words. â€Å"They [editors] think that ‘fiddling’ with images is like wordsmithing, but it’s not the same†¦ I see this as one of the single biggest dangers to the integrity of photojournalism. People rely on us to present the story as it really happened. This is not fashion photography or the movies-- if things don’t look the way you want them too, then it’s the rub of the green!† stated Wally Win when asked about the â€Å"digital revolution†. As Elizabeth Anstead transits from the father to son, it is obvious the reiteration of views and standards written for both generations, the only difference appearing had been the use of higher technology. This proving that the honesty and intent behind a photo is only as pure as the photo grapher. The collaboration of Wally and Win McNamee offers a unique perspective to photojournalism, providing an unchanging view on changing times. â€Å"I wanted to know what it was that made my father the way he is†¦ The internal strength and integrity that he has†¦ I wanted to see if I could bring that out in myself. I wanted to do something that would make him proud of me.† Win Mcnamee stated while speaking on the idolism he has for his father. Generations: Probity in Photojournalism :: essays research papers GENERATIONS: PROBITY IN PHOTOJOURNALISM? With the existence of first-rate technology, depletion of society moral standards, and ethics for sale on the street corners, has the general public lost the original intent of a photograph? For photojournalists Wally and Win Mcnamee, a father and son who are well known and respected in the photojournalism field, probity reaches out through their photos with the presence of its’ own soul. Elizabeth Anstead, the author of the article, was all too convinced of this fact trying to expose an alter ego in photojournalism. The alter ego, that is all too often overshadowed by those of poor taste and more so as time goes by, receives the respect and glory that she surmises as overdue. Modern photographers tend to chase personal success, in turn placing a cover over the original story that a photograph portrays. A sigh of relief can be taken after reading her article, for it emphasizes the points that should be held of high importance in the area of â€Å"still memory†. She denu ded the layers, empathizing with Wally and Win both; disclosing to the surface the passion they have for their profession directly out of their hearts and highly noted work, interpreting both factors into words. â€Å"They [editors] think that ‘fiddling’ with images is like wordsmithing, but it’s not the same†¦ I see this as one of the single biggest dangers to the integrity of photojournalism. People rely on us to present the story as it really happened. This is not fashion photography or the movies-- if things don’t look the way you want them too, then it’s the rub of the green!† stated Wally Win when asked about the â€Å"digital revolution†. As Elizabeth Anstead transits from the father to son, it is obvious the reiteration of views and standards written for both generations, the only difference appearing had been the use of higher technology. This proving that the honesty and intent behind a photo is only as pure as the photo grapher. The collaboration of Wally and Win McNamee offers a unique perspective to photojournalism, providing an unchanging view on changing times. â€Å"I wanted to know what it was that made my father the way he is†¦ The internal strength and integrity that he has†¦ I wanted to see if I could bring that out in myself. I wanted to do something that would make him proud of me.† Win Mcnamee stated while speaking on the idolism he has for his father.

Hamlet Essay: Deception

Shakespeare’s Hamlet: Bomb Makers who gets Blown Sky High by their own Weapons Lies and deception are some of the many actions that have disastrous consequences. For the most part, they destroy trust and leave the people closest to us feeling vulnerable. In Hamlet, one of Shakespeare's many plays, the theme of lies and deception is very significant. This play shows that every character that lies and practices the act of deception is ultimately punished for doing so by their treacherous deaths. Hamlet has lied and practiced deception several times which has prolonged his primary goal and also causes his death. Additionally, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s unskilled acts of dishonesty and disloyalty towards Hamlet have all backfired; as a result, this is the cause of their ironic deaths. Furthermore, Polonius’ selfish act of using others to his own advantage has all polished the table for his treacherous death. In this play, characters who manipulate the act of lie and deception eventually end up facing their own death. Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark and the protagonist of the play, performs many deceptive acts that all leads up to his death. After he has conferred with the ghost who claims to be his father’s spirit, old King Hamlet, he is shocked when he finds out the truth about his tragic death. In response, he pretends to be insane. He feigns his insanity to distract his mother, Gertrude, his uncle and step father, King Claudius and their attendants from his true intentions of gathering information to eventually expose Claudius for the murder of his father. It is evident that he is pretending to be crazy because he mentions it several times to his friends. He explains to them in Act 1, Scene 5 that he will â€Å"put an antic disposition on† (191). The word ‘antic’ means ‘clown’ or an actor who plays a comic role and requires absurdly ridiculous behavior. In other words, he will pretend to be a madman in order to achieve his goal. Additionally, for the purpose of love, Hamlet lies to Ophelia about his love for her during one of their conversations in Act 3, Scene 1. Hamlet: I did love you once. Ophelia: Indeed my lord, you made me believe so. Hamlet: You should not have believ’d me, for virtue cannot so Inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it. I lov’d you not. Ophelia: I was the more deceiv’d (123-129). In this heartbreaking scene, we cannot truly say how much of Hamlet’s words are true and how much of an act he has put on. This is because he seems to know that Ophelia will report his behavior to her father, Polonius, who will then disclose the report to King Claudius. However, we can see through his corruptive and deceptive act because he denies that he has ever loved Ophelia right after claiming that he has loved her once. One could then argue that Hamlet is purposely pretending to be an insane lover. Furthermore, in Act 3 Scene 2, Hamlet organizes and directs a delusive play called â€Å"The Mousetrap† before the royal audience. The play itself is an elaborated deception because Hamlet tries to determine Claudius’ guilt through it. The play depicts the murder of Duke Gonzago in Vienna by the antagonist Lucianus, thus mirroring Claudius’ assassination of old King Hamlet. Like Claudius, Lucianus, the player pours poison in Gonzago’s ears and soon after marries his wife, Baptista. Hamlet is convinced of his uncle’s guilt when Claudius gets agitated and rises from his seat. Shortly after, he orders his attendants to â€Å"[Bring him] some light† (3. 2. 261). This play has prolonged Hamlet’s goal of avenging his father’s death. If Hamlet has believed the ghost during their first encounter and has avenged his father’s death earlier, Hamlet could have had a prosperous life ahead of him. However, unfortunately, he chooses to slowly analyze the truth before taking any reckless actions; therefore, this causes him to lose his life at the end of the play. In relation to Carl Jung’s Archetypal Theory, Hamlet is not merely a hero; he is a tragic hero who has died in vain while accomplishing his goal of avenging his father’s death. He is a hero who makes sure his story would be known that he has conquered the ambitious Claudius. However, in the process, he lost everyone he loves including his own life. Hamlet is in fact a tragic hero. According to Aristotle’s definition of tragedy, a tragic hero is a great person who has the potential for greatness but is defeated. This protagonist must come into conflict with a force who or which directly opposes to what he should want. He must also suffer from a tragic flaw, which inevitably brings about his own downfall. In Hamlet, Hamlet is the protagonist who suffers from the flaw of inaction while he is faced against Claudius. To conclude, because of Hamlet’s great inability to act earlier, his lies and deceptive acts have all prolonged his primary goal which has resulted in his tragic death. Hamlet’s childhood friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern both try to deceive Hamlet. However, their unskilled uses of dishonesty and disloyalty have resulted in their ironic death. They are introduced in the beginning of Act 2, Scene 2 as Hamlet’s childhood friends who are sent for by King Claudius for their services. When they first meet Hamlet and are asked the reason for their arrival, they answer: â€Å"To visit you, my lord, no other occasion† (2. 2. 8). However, Hamlet has already seen through their attempted act of trying to fool him and then replies: â€Å"You were sent/for, and there is a kind of confession in your looks, which/ you modesties have not craft enough colour. I know the/good King and Queen have sent for you† (2. 2. 285-288). Through this reply, it is evident tha t Hamlet has the ability to see through someone’s deceptive act because he knows that they would not have come to Denmark without a reason. He also alludes that they must have done something wrong to be punished by Fortune since they are here in the Denmark which he considers to be prison. Additionally, Guildenstern again tries to get information about Hamlet’s disorder after the play, ‘The Mousetrap’. When Rosencrantz approaches Hamlet to talk about his â€Å"distemper† and that he should â€Å"[tell his] griefs to [his] friend†, Hamlet furiously replies: Why, look you now, how unworthy a thing you make of me. You would play upon me, you would seem to know my stops, you would pluck out the heart of my mystery you would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass; and there is much music, excellent voice, in this little organ, yet cannot make it speak. Why, do you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe? Call me what instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play upon me (3. 2. 325, 349-357). Their attempt to get Hamlet to confide in them has failed and as a result, Hamlet makes an analogy between playing a musical instrument and deception to demonstrate why his friends cannot â€Å"play† on him. This is because they are simply not skilled enough. Furthermore, when Hamlet finds out about the command letter that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are carrying to the King of England instructing to have him killed, he steals the letter and rewrites it to command the death of â€Å"the bearers of this note,† which is Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Then, without remorse, puts the note back in their possession. They brought upon themselves their ironic deaths because of their failure of being honest and loyal towards their friend Hamlet. In relation to Jung’s Archetypal Theory, both Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are the shape shifters in the play Hamlet. A shape shifter is a type of character whose identity or allegiance changes and is often unclear. Their personality has changed from loyal childhood friends to deceptive and backstabbing snakes. They have changed sides over the course of their friendship with Hamlet because they are looking to put themselves in a good position with King Claudius and are hoping for â€Å"a king's remembrance† or reward from him in exchange for their services as he has promised in Act 2, Scene 2. In conclusion, their ironic deaths are the price they pay for being dishonest and disloyal towards a good friend. Another character that uses deceit often as a means of investigation is Polonius. These acts of personal conduct have resulted in his death. Upon Laertes’ departure to France, Polonius deceives his own son when he sends Reynaldo after him. In Act 2 Scene 1, Polonius tells Reynaldo: Marry, sir, here’s my drift, And I believe it is a fetch of warrant. You laying these slight sullies on my son, As’twere a thing a little soiled I’th’working, Mark you, Your party is converse, him you would sound, Having ever seen in the prenominate crimes The youth you breathe of guilty, be assured He closes with you in this consequence ‘Good sir,’ or so, or ‘friend,’ or ‘gentleman,’ According to the phrase or the addition Of man and country (43-54). Here, hoping that deception may be the best way to find out the truth, Polonius orders his servant Reynaldo to spread rumours about his son and to pretend to know Laertes so that he can find out the truth about his son’s whereabouts from his friends. He is also hoping that Laertes will, in due time, open up to Reynaldo about his secrets and Reynaldo can then report back to Polonius. Furthermore, Polonius deceives his daughter, Ophelia by using her love for Hamlet for the King’s benefit. King Claudius, in the presence of Polonius, says: For we have closely sent for Hamlet hilter That he, as’twere by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Her father and myself, lawful espials, Will so bestow ourselves that, seeing unseen, We may of their encounter frankly judge, And gather by him, as he is behaved, If’t be th’addliction of his love or not That thus he suffers for (3. 1. 33-41). Here, both King Claudius and Polonius are planning to use Ophelia and her love to determine whether Hamlet’s behavior is the result of the affliction of his love for Ophelia. Also, from this scene, we can see that Polonius does not care for his daughter because he has agreed to use her in order to get closer to Claudius. To him, she is like a mere pawn in a chess game that is only used to protect the king, Polonius. In connection to the Jungian Literary Theory, Polonius represents a shadowed character in the play. The ‘shadow’ is the psychic space in a person’s mind where they store their darker impulses in addition to unpleasant thoughts and memories. In Polonius’ case, these two examples show his darker side as someone who would spy on his own son and use his daughter’s love for the man she loves to his own advantages. Moreover, Polonius is the representation of a failed mentor. A mentor is defined as someone, usually older and more experienced, who advices and leads a younger, less experienced person into the right path. As a father, he gives outstanding advices to Laertes. For example, in Act 1, Scene 3, before Laertes’ departure, Polonius explains to him about how he should behave with honor and uprightness. He also admonishes his son to be sociable but not necessarily friendly with everyone. However, along with many other advices from lines 63 through lines 84, Polonius himself does not act in accordance to his own words, hence the phrase, failed entor. Instead, he usually uses others such as Reynaldo and Ophelia to spy and pry on other people’s business. This kind of behavior is not upright and definitely not honorable. In the end, he is ultimately punished and pays for his exploitive actions by the means of his own death. Throughout this play, it is evident that lying and deceiving others usually have disastrous endings. Shakespeare tries to shows his readers that the lies and deception that Hamlet performs towards his parents and his lover as a result of his inability to act sooner has resulted in his tragic death. He also shows how one’s unskillful use of dishonesty and disloyalty can lead to death. Lastly, he shows that deceiving others for one’s own benefits is not at all beneficial as it can also end one’s life. Overall, the theme of deception is prevalent in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, and many characters use this act. However, it is evident that deception is not the path someone should take in order to complete a goal. It goes without saying that our actions could create unintended consequences in our lives. That consequence may be one’s death which can cease someone’s life and everything in it.

How to Conjugate the French Applaudir (to Applaud, Clap)

How to Conjugate the French Applaudir (to Applaud, Clap) The French word applaudir means to applaud or to clap. Applaudir is  a regular verb, meaning its one of those words thats relatively easy to conjugate.   How to Conjugate the French Verb Applaudir To conjugate a regular verb, start with the stem and add the ending appropriate of the type of verb youre conjugating and the subject pronoun youre using- the person or thing doing the action. Applaudir is a regular -ir verb, so  the stem is  applaud- and the endings are those of regular infinitives ending in -ir. This chart will help you figure out how conjugate applaudir. Present Future Imperfect j applaudis applaudirai applaudissais tu applaudis applaudiras applaudissais il applaudit applaudira applaudissait nous applaudissons applaudirons applaudissions vous applaudissez applaudirez applaudissiez ils applaudissent applaudiront applaudissaient The present participle of applaudir is applaudissant. The present participle is less common in French than its English equivalent -ing. You may use the present participle as an adjective, gerund, noun  or verb. For example: Applaudissant, nous avons commencà © departer le thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre.Applauding, we began to leave the theater. Other Simple Conjugations of Applaudir Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j applaudisse applaudirais applaudis applaudisse tu applaudisses applaudirais applaudis applaudisses il applaudisse applaudirait applaudit applaudt nous applaudissions applaudirions applaudmes applaudissions vous applaudissiez applaudiriez applaudtes applaudissiez ils applaudissent applaudiraient applaudirent applaudissent Imperative (tu) applaudis (nous) applaudissons (vous) applaudissez How to Form the Past Tense of Applaudir You can use the imperfect tense to talk about something in the past (japplaudissais / I was clapping) but youre more likely to use the passà © composà ©, which is a compound tense. Applaudir uses the auxiliary verb avoir, and the past participle is applaudi. For example: Jai applaudi.I applauded. Nous avons applaudi.We applauded.

Platinum essays

Platinum essays Antonio de Ulloa discovered platinum in South America in 1735 and by Wood in 1741. Platinum is a silver-white metal that holds even more value then gold. Its atomic number is 78 and its mass is 195.08. It is also one of the heaviest metals. It is a transition metal and its electron configuration is [Xe ]6s14f145d9. This element has very unique properties, which make it valuable. First of all, it is very easily shaped. It can be shaped and working into almost every possible way, from thin wire too large sheets. Platinum is a solid whos melting point is 2045k and its boiling point is 4100k. The metal was used by pre-Columbian Indians. Platinum occurs native, accompanied by small quantities of iridium, osmium, palladium, ruthenium, and rhodium. These all belong to the same group of metals. The metal does not oxidize in air at any temperature. However, halogens, cyanides, sulfur, and caustic alkalis corrode it. Platinum resistance wires are used for constructing high-temperature elective furnaces. The metal is used for coating missile nose cones, jet engine fuel nossles, jewellry, thermocouple elements, electrical contacts, corrosion-resistant apparatus, in dentistry, sealed electrodes in glass systems, and so on. Platinum is an excellent catalyst, such as in catalytic converters for cars. ...

Effect of Television on Delivery of News Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effect of Television on Delivery of News - Essay Example This information needs to be fair, precise, and just. The public relies on this information to know what exactly is going on around them, and the world at large. Media is what enables the passage or storage of information. Without it, the world and freedom would be something that people could only whisper about with fear of consequences and/or repercussions. Over the years, the media has been responsible for highlighting all the things that happen truthfully. They spearhead the campaigns against injustices and crimes. This provides them with the correct channels to use in order to find the proper manner in which this information is transferred from one medium to another. The media’s credibility depends on how accurate their information is, and how it may affect the public. It is a cause for worry if the information is biased, lacks neutrality, or is wrong. This may lead to wrong perceptions about the media and all it stands for in today’s world. This paper will examine the effects that television and other media have had on the delivery of news. Neil Postman’s: Amusing Ourselves to Death According to Postman, the rise of electronic media has led to the change in reality. Many people cannot put reality into context because the media is shaping the world into something that was not there. He goes on to insinuate that the media has changed the way in which people view politics, their immediate social setting, the economic standing, among other things. He believes that the media manipulates information for people to have some way of relating to it, even though they did not want to in the first place. In his book, Postman claims that the public’s priorities are altered with uncomplicated forms of entertainment rather than the use of violence, cruelty, and brutality when they want to fight against totalitarian authority. Postman also shows of how the media is responsible for manipulating the public’s social, economic, and political standing by presentation of fictitious information, and facts. All these are methods devised by television and other electronic media to divert the public’s attention away from matters that affect them. The public’s money and energy is directed toward such manipulation, and eventual subjugation through the media without them realising what is happening. This book and all its findings have created the state in which many continents are in today. It is, therefore, only right to say that communication brought through television and other media is biased and provides information which is destructive to the rational minds of individuals. After long periods of television watching, one gets to question and be suspicious of discussions, and arguments. These effects are growing and will continue to mature provided the media is involved in contextualising the lives of people. Matt Quayle’s article; ‘The Method of the Medium is in the Motion.’ In this article, Quayle argues that Postman’s conclusions, though somewhat true, were a little premature. He did not take the time to correctly evaluate all the factors that came into play when writing his book. Today, according to Quayle, many factors contribute to the growth of the medium used to communicate to the public. This is unlike how they did twenty-five years ago. He reiterates the fact that Postman did an exceptional job in finding out what affected the media during that time, but a lot of things have changed. Quayle insists there is a possibility of increasing the public discourse in this modern age of technology. A lot has changed since the last time Postman wrote the book on the media. Quayle asserts that the television news space has fully-grown, and there is more to look for in the

Research critique part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research critique part 2 - Essay Example Both the independent and dependent variables have been identified in the study. The independent variables were the task-oriented leadership, and relationship-oriented leadership. The dependent variable in the study relates to job satisfaction. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the 444 nurses. More to this, interviews were used to collect data from 40 ward managers, and 13 directors. The managers and directors also filled questionnaires after their interview. In addition, field observations in 40 wards were carried out to provide data for the study. The 444 nurses were too many to conduct interviews with them, thus had to use questionnaires to avoid the tedious process. Questionnaires also allow for fast collection of data. Interviews with and questionnaires for the managers and directors were used to collect specific information. The interviews were also used as they provided the researchers with an opportunity to clarify on certain things. The questionnaires to the 444 nurses were filled and were returned within the three to four days that observations took place in the respective wards. The interviews were also conducted during the week that the various wards were under observation, as well as filling of the questionnaires. Ward visits lasted between 20-30 hours per ward for the three or four days spent in a ward. A total of 900 hours were spent on the observations. The wards were visited one at a time, and the nurses issued with the questionnaire to fill in at their own time. The interviews also took place during the time the wards were visited for the first author to make observations. The data was analyzed by use of two-level analyses. These were the individual predictor and the ward-level predictors. Leadership style was the individual predictor. Use of teams, staff stability, and workload were the ward-level predictors. A software

Financial Management of a Small Burger Restaurant Coursework

Financial Management of a Small Burger Restaurant - Coursework Example They provide a rough idea of how the business can be in future and can even identify areas of concerns that can appear in future. Each head in the projected financial statement is based on certain assumptions; some can easily be predicted while some are difficult to predict as they are outside business’s control for e.g. changes in taxes, an unpredictable event etc. (Lasher. 2000; Covello. 1998) In a small business like burger restaurant operative in a college campus, since there are no proper planning departments and tools, the projection technique of financial management can be useful. A typical small burger restaurant’s sources of revenue can be sale of food and beverages. The main heads of costs could be the material costs, packaging and transportation of food etc. In any other business, the restaurants have operating expenses like rents, utilities, labor wages, cleaning expenses etc. Such businesses are not operative in a very dynamic environment nor are very large businesses which have many complexities and changes to take account of. The estimated projected income statement for such a business for 3 years can be presented as below: Pro-forma 3 years Projected Income Statement YEAR-1 YEAR-2 YEAR-3 SALES REVENUE (NET) ($) ($) ($) Food revenue 505,890 570,276 548,674 Beverage Revenue 151,110 153,884 233,682 Food Cost (143,719) (158,863) (168,542) Beverage Cost (47,906) (44,807) (42,136) TOTAL INCOME 465,375 520,490 571,678 OPERATING EXPENSES Advertising 1,200 2,400 3,000 Depreciation 36,000 28,800 23,040 Utilities and Phones 31,080 33,300 37,200 Wages 344,925 356,423 367,920 Officer's Salary 42,000 43,680 45,420 Rent 7,500 7,500 7,500 TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 462,705 472,103 484,080 OPERATING PROFIT 2,670 48,388 87,598 NET PROFIT 2,670 48,388 87,598 The analysis of the projected income statement for three years is detailed below: Revenue: The business deals and serves meals which include foods and beverages. The restaurant serves food items li ke burgers, apple pies, nachos and cheese and salads etc, while it mainly serves beverages and soft drinks with the meal. This makes two main products as the revenue generating which are food revenue and beverages revenue. Food & Beverages Revenue: The food revenue constitutes around 65% to 75% of the total revenue. We analyzed that on an average a customer spends around $6 on an order. Since we have no information about the units of sales and what items of food are preferred and sold we shall assume that out of the revenue received from each customer on an average, a portion of average selling price of food items can be taken as revenue from the food. Similarly for the beverages no information regarding the number of units sold is given, therefore we shall take the revenue as a portion of average selling price of beverages. The beverages ranges from a price range of $1.29 to $ 1.49; this means that out of the total $6 spend on an order by a customer $1.29 to $1.49 will be spent on beverages, which makes around 25% to 35% of the average order that is $6. Rest 65% to 75% of the remaining revenue will be generated from food items. Based on this assumption in year 1, if there are 300 customers everyday and the business operated 365 days a year and an average customer spending is $6, the food revenue on an estimate can be around 77% which makes $505,890 and the remaining 23% can be